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*Self-Practice*

Std.10th -Science Part 2

Topic 2: *Life Process in Living Organisms Part-1*

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*Today's exercise*:

With this post, the structural formula of glucose is given. Draw this formula in your notebook and count the number of atoms in it.

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*Secret of Energy Generation*

*Shrikrishn*: Hey Parth, do you want to know how energy is produced from carbohydrates?

*Arjun*: Yes Madhusudan, I am curious to know the details. 

*Lord Krishn:* "The nutrients obtained by digestive system and oxygen received from respiratory system react in a cell to produce energy." I think this is very simple meaning of energy production in living organisms. 

But this process of energy production is not so simple, it includes different stepwise processes.Will you answer some of the questions before I explain them in detail?

*Arjun:* ...... Do I have to answer Lord?

*Lord Krishn:* Yes, these are very basic questions.  Tell me the molecular formula of glucose?

*Arjun:* It's easy.  C6H12O6. One molecule of glucose contains 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen and 6 atoms of oxygen. It is a covalent compound. The structure of this compound is cyclic i.e. hexagonal. But Vasudev, isn't glucose a carbohydrate?

*Lord Krishn*: Glucose is an example of  carbohydrate. After digestion of complex carbohydrates from food, our body converts them into simple compounds like glucose / fructose / sucrose. Now tell me, what is 'oxidation'?

*Arjun:* Oxidation means addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen to a compound in a chemical reaction.

*Lord Krishn:* Very nice!

Glucose stored in a cell is oxidized step by step with the help of oxygen. In this process energy is produced. This is called as 'cellular respiration'.  This energy is geneted in the form of ATP.  ATP stands for 'Adenosine Tri Phosphate.' This is an energy rich compound stored in cell. 

*Arjun:* But hey Vasudeva, yesterday you were saying that energy is produced with the help of oxygen and without oxygen.  How is energy produced without oxygen?

*Lord Krishn:* Hey Parth, don't hurry, We have not yet fully understood how energy is produced with the help of oxygen.

*Arjun:* So there are more details in it?  If so, will you please explain in detail?

*Lord Krishn:* Cellular respiration occurs among the living organisms by two methods. One is an 'aerobic respiration' in which oxygen is involved and 'anaerobic respiration' in which oxygen is not involved. Let us first understand energy produced by aerobic respiration .

In aerobic respiration, glucose is oxidized in three steps. These three steps are ...

 1) Glycolysis

 2) Tri-carboxylic acid cycle

 3) Electron transport chain.

Hey Parth, we are going to study these three steps in detail. Until then, try to understand these steps from the textbook.

 *Arjuna:* As you command!

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*Shrishail Mathapati,* Kolhapur

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